A Novel Framework to Appraise the Quality of the Yamuna River Across Delhi Regions

IJEP 46(11): 1076-1083 : Vol. 46 Issue 11 (November 2026)

Full Text

Aryan, Nishu Singh and Vibha Gaur*

University of Delhi, Acharya Narendra Dev College, Department of Computer Science, New Delhi – 110 019, India

Abstract

Water pollution is the most severe environmental concern, affecting people and entire ecosystems. The Yamuna river is a vital water source for the NCT of Delhi, but it becomes contaminated by industrial effluents and untreated sewage as it flows from Palla to Okhla Barrage. To protect and restore the river, it is essential to analyze variations in Yamuna water quality across Delhi. Because environmental data are incomplete and uncertain, the study uses intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) to quantify the river’s water quality, considering physical, chemical and biological parameters. IFS is an extension of fuzzy sets and is well suited to problems with inherent uncertainty. The proposed framework quantifies water quality parameters, such as pH, BOD, DO and FC, as the Yamuna enters Delhi from Palla (upstream) and leaves at Okhla Barrage (downstream). The intensity of pollution across seasons is also computed and the results show that the monsoon exhibits the least pollution, while winter, summer and post-monsoon indicate the highest levels. Tracing pollution across regions and seasons may help policymakers and government organizations prioritize cleanup actions and support the sustainable management of the urban river system.

Keywords

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Water quality index, Biochemical oxygen demand, Fecal coliform, Dissolved oxygen

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