Vector Control Technique of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) for Wind Farm Power System Stability Analysis

IJEP 46(8): 790-802 : Vol. 46 Issue 8 (August 2026)

Full Text

Njeh Edwin Mbabit1, Afungchui David1*, Ebobenow Joseph1 and Tabod Charles1

1. The University of Bamenda, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, NWR, Cameroon
2. University of Buea, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, PO Box 63, Buea, SWR, Cameroon

Abstract

This paper presents a MATLAB/Simulink implementation of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) model for wind farm integration, with a focus on improving power system stability through vector control techniques. The model is designed to operate in sub-synchronous, synchronous and super-synchronous modes, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the DFIG’s dynamic performance across different operating conditions. The study emphasizes the role of current control loops in regulating active and reactive power injection into the grid, ensuring stable and efficient energy transfer from the wind farm to the power system. Simulation results demonstrate that integrating a wind farm using DFIGs has minimal negative impact on overall system stability, particularly under light load conditions. At certain operating points, the rotor current exhibits a DC component, causing the DFIG to behave similarly to a synchronous motor. Additionally, the findings indicate that a significant reduction in torque increases current generation, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of power delivered to the grid. The research confirms that vector control of DFIG-based wind farms provides effective dynamic performance, reinforcing grid stability and supporting the growing role of renewable energy in modern power systems.

Keywords

Wind power, Doubly fed induction generator, Active and reactive power, Sub-synchronous, synchronous and super-synchronous, Vector control technique

References

  1. REN21. 2013. Renewable 2013: Global status report. Renewable energy policy network for the 21st century.
  2. Aho, J., Buckspan, A., Laks, J., Fleming, P., Jeong, Y., Dunne, F., Churchfield, M., Pao, L. and Johnson, K. 2012. A tutorial of wind turbine control for supporting grid frequency through active power control. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. pp 1-12. DOI: 10.1109/ACC. 2012.6315180.
  3. Yang, D., Gao, H.C., Zhang, L., Zheng, T., Hua, L. and Zhang, X. 2020. Short-term frequency support of a doubly-fed induction generator based on an adaptive power reference function. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Systems. 119(1): 105955. DOI: 10. 10 16/j.ijepes.2020.105955.
  4. Broehl, J., Labastida, R.R. and Hamilton, B. 2015. World wind energy market. Navigant Research. Accessed on 25/02/2022.
  5. Liserre, M., Cardenas, R., Molinas, M. and Rodri-guez, J. 2011. Overview of multi MW wind turbines and wind parks. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electr., 58(4): 1081-1095. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.210 3910.
  6. Byeon, G., Park, I.K. and Jang, G. 2009. Modelling and control of a doubly-fed inductor generator (DFIG) wind power generation system for real-time simulation. J. Electr. Eng. Tech., 3: 308-332. DOI: 10.5 370/JEET.2010.5.1.061.
  7. Ackerman, T. and Soder, L. 2002. An overview of wind energy-status 2002. Renewable Sustain. Energy Reviews. 6(1-2): 67-127. DOI: 10.1016/S13 64-0321(02)00008-4.
  8. Burton, T., Shape, D., Jenkins, N. and Bossanyi, E. 2001. Wind energy handbook. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., United Kingdom.
  9. Hopfensperger, B., Atkinson, D.J. and Lakin, R. 2002. Stator-flux oriented control of a doubly-fed induction machine with and without position encoder. IEE Proceedings – Electric Power Applications. 147(4): 241-250. DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:2000 0442.
  10. Zhou, Y., Bauer, P., Ferreira, J.A. and Pierik, J. 2007. Control of DFIG under unsymmetriical voltage dip. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 933-938.
  11. Ananth, D.V.N. and Kumar, V.N. 2015. Flux based sensorless speed sensing and real and reactive power flow control with look-up table based maximum power point tracking technique for grid connected doubly fed induction generator. Indonesian J. Electrical Eng. Infor., 3(4). DOI: 10.525 49/ijeei. v3i4.205.
  12. Boulahia, A., Adel, M. and Benalla, H. 2013. Predictive power control of grid and rotor side converters in doubly fed induction generators based wind turbine. Bulletin Electrical Eng. Infor., 2(4): 258-264. DOI: 10.11591/eei.v2i4.191.
  13. Yang, D., Kim, J., Kang, Y.C., Muljadi, E., Zhang, N., Hong, J., Song, S. and Zheng, T. 2018. Temporary frequency support of a DFIG for high wind power penetration. IEEE Trans. Power Systems. 33: 3428–3437. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.20 18.2810841.
  14. Atwa, Y.M. and El-Saadany, E.F. 2010. Optimal allocation of ESS in distribution systems with a high penetration of wind energy. IEEE Trans. Power Systems. 25: 1815–1822. DOI: 10.1109 /TPWRS.20 10.2045663.
  15. Bossoufi, B., Karim, M., Lagrioui, A., Taoussi, M. and El-Hafyani, M.L. 2014. Backstepping control of DFIG generators for wide-range variable-speed wind turbines. Int. J. Automation Cont., 8(2): 122-140. DOI: 10.1504/IJAAC.2014.063359.
  16. Wang, L., Xu, L. and Lu, D. 2018. Advanced control strategies for electrical drives: FOC, DTC and MPC. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electr., 65(9): 7452-7461.
  17. Maleki, M., Hossain, M. and Ghosh, S. 2015. Optimization of motor control techniques in industrial applications: FOC vs DTC. IEEE Trans. Ind. Applications. 51(4): 3245-3254.
  18. Majchrzak, T. and Siwek, A. 2017. Comparison of FOC and DTC methods for a matrix converter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor. 22nd International conference on methods and models in automation and robotics (MMAR). DOI: 10.1109/MMAR.2017.8046883.
  19. Zhang, X., Li, X. and Zhou, J. 2017. Comparative analysis of FOC, DTC, and MPC in electrical drive systems. Energy Conver. Manage., 134: 269-278.
  20. Kundur, P. 1993. Power system stability and control. McGraw Hill, Inc., New York.
  21. Abolfazl, J., Mehdi, J., Gholamreza, Z.G. and Hamid, K. 2008. Modelling and control of a doubly fed induction generator using PSO algorithm. IEEE. 24-27.
  22. Barambones, O. 2012. Sliding mode control strategy for wind turbine power maximization. Energies. 5: 2310-2330. DOI: 10.3390/en5072310.
  23. Jiabing, H., Heng, N., Hailiang, X. and Yikang, H. 2011. Dynamic modelling and improved control of DFIG under distorted grid voltage condition. IEEE Trans. Energy Conver., 26(1): 163- 175. DOI: 10.1 109/ISIE.2012.6237327.