IJEP 41(2): 123-129 : Vol. 41 Issue. 2 (February 2021)
1. Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Department of Microbiology, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
2. Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
3. University of South Africa, Department of Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of marine sediment and representative aromatic hydrocarbon samples on the growth of microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the seed of Sinapsis alba. The methods employed for the toxicological evaluation involve physico-chemical analysis of the marine sediment, marine algal toxicity test using microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum and phytotoxicity testing using Sinapsis alba (mustard seed). The results showed that both Abonema and Nembe waterside sediment samples had higher fractions of physico–chemical parameters than Onne sampled locations. Marine algal toxicity testing revealed that the positive control (K2Cr2O7) had the highest EC50 value of 8.07±0.03 mg/L with CV and r2 values of 68.61% and 0.99 while pyrene Nembe sediment had the least EC50 value of 4.63±0.01 mg/L with CV and r2 values of 78.27% and 0.98 with very strong significant positive linear relationship between an algal number and sample concentrations (P<0.05). The phytotoxicity testing also showed that the most inhibitory effect was produced by pyrene + Onne sediment sample with GI and CV values of 7.14±0.023% and 0.37% while the least inhibitory effect was produced by xylene + distilled water sample with GI and CV values of 28.57±0.03% and 0.18%. These observations revealed aquatic and terrestrial toxicity potentials of these test samples and prompt measures should be deployed to abate their menace in the Rivers State marine environment.
Keywords
Acute toxicity, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Sinapsis alba, Marine sediment
References
- Moffat, A.O. and P. Linden. 2005. Perception and reality. J. Env. Sci. Tech., 1: 283-297.
- Okpokwasili, G.C. and L.O. Odokuma. 1990. Effect of salinity on biodegradation of oil spill dispersants. Waste Manage., 10: 141-146.
- Okpokwasili, G.C. 1996. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by brackish water isolates in Nigerian wetlands. In The Nigerian man and the biosphere, Ed T.V.I. Akpata and M.A.B. Okoli. National Committee, USA. pp 138-146.
- Kadafa, A.A. 2012. Oil exploration and spillage in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Civil Env. Res., 2: 38-51.
- FME. 2006. Niger Delta natural resource damage assessment and restoration project:Phase 1-scoping report. Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja, Nigerian Conservation Foundation, Lagos, WWF, UK and CEESP-IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy.
- Okoh, A.l., et al. 2001. Potential of Burkholderia cepacia RQ1 in the biodegradation of heavy crude oil. Int. Microbiol., 4: 83-87.
- UNEP. 2011. Environmental setting in Ogoniland and the Niger Delta. In Environmental assessment of Ogoniland (chapter 2.1). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya. pp 30-33.
- Nyholm, N. and H.G. Petersen. 1997. Laboratory bioassays with microalgae. Plants for environmental studies (chapter 9). Ed W. Wang, J.W. Gorsuch and J.S. Hughes. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
- Aruoja, V., et al. 2011. Toxicity of 58 substituted anilines and phenols to algae Pseudokirc hneriella subcapitata and bacteria Vibrio fischeri: Comparison with published data and QSARs. Chemosphere. 84 (10):1310-1320.
- Uba, B. O. 2018. Effect of aromatic hydrocarbons and marine sediments from Niger Delta on the growth of microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Biotech. J. int., 22 (4):1-18.
- Emami, S., A.A. Pourbabaei and H.A. Alikhani. 2014. Interactive effect of nitrogen fertilizer and hydrocarbon pollution on soil biological indicators. Env. Earth Sci., 72 (9):3513-3519.
- EBPI. 2016. Biotoxicity/microbiotest products handout and manual. Environmental Bio-detection Products Incorporation, Antario, Canada. pp 1-37.
- Siddiqui, A. H., S. Tabrez and M. Ahmad. 2011. Validation of plant-based bioassays for the toxicity testing of Indian waters. Env. Monitor. Assess., 179:241-253.
- Gorleku, M.A., et al. 2014. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in marine waters and sediments at the Tema Harbour, Ghana. Academic J. Env. Sci., 2(7):108-115.
- AOAC. 2012. Official method of analysis (19th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA. pp 121-130.
- APHA. 2012. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater (22nd edn). American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA. pp 1360.
- WHO. 2003. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking water: Background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking water quality. WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/59. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. pp 4-10.
- FME. 2001. National guidelines and standard for water quality in Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Environment, Nigeria. pp 114.
- Olusola, J.O. and A.A. Festus. 2015. Assessment of heavy metals in some marine fish species relevant to their concentration in water and sediment from coastal waters of Ondo State, Nigeria. J. Marine Sci. Res. Develop., 5:163.
- Obiajunwa, E. I., et al. 2002. Characterization of heavy metal pollutants of soils and sediments around a crude-oil production terminal using EDXRF. Nuclear Instruments Methods Physics Res., Section B: Beam Interactions Materials Atoms. 194(1): 61-64.
- Oldersma, H., N.R.M. van Dijk and A.O. Hanstveit. 2004. Determination of the effect of p-xylene (CAS #106 – 42 – 3) on the growth of the freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. TNO report. Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands. pp 1-36.
- Šestinová, O., L. Findoráková and J. Hanulák. 2012. Toxicity testing of sediments. Nova Biote-chnologica Chimica. 11(2):111-116.
