IJEP 43(5): 431-439 : Vol. 43 Issue. 5 (May 2023)
Manipur University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Imphal, Manipur-795 003, India
Abstract
Hydrogeochemical evaluation and water quality index of some selected urban community ponds were carried out for Imphal city to highlight the environmental status for their conservation. Water samples from 12 selected urban community ponds were collected for the post-monsoon, winter and pre-monsoon periods to assess the temporal variation of water quality parameters and water quality index (WQI). In-situ water quality parameters, such as temperature, pH, DO, TDS, EC, salt and ORP were assessed. The water quality of ponds was more inclined towards alkaline water type (pH>8.5) with higher values of electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, TDS and alkali metal ions, which signifies the presence of more dissolved inorganic ions from urban runoff and sewage intrusion. The turbidity of the samples beyond 5 NTU and higher concentration of TDS indicates further validation of EC and alkalinity values. The total hardness of water samples was found to be both carbonate and non-carbonate types with more contribution from bicarbonates (HCO3–) ions. Moreover, the water types of all the ponds in all months are dominated by Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ cations and HCO3– > Cl– > NO32- > PO42- anions.
Keywords
Community ponds, Water quality index, Water chemistry, Surface runoff, Urban environment
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