Perception and Adaptation Practices Towards Climate Change: A Study on Generation Z Consumers in Bangkok, Thailand

IJEP 44(1): 28-34 : Vol. 44 Issue. 1 (January 2024)

Patricia Arttachariya*

Ramkhamhaeng University, Institute of International Studies, Bangkok 10240, Thailand

Abstract

Climate scientists have recently warned that there is now a two-thirds chance that the global average temperature will exceed the 1.50c global warming limit within the next five years. This dire warning needs to be heeded by all countries as climate change impacts both physical and mental well-being of humans, as well as threatens plant and animal species. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of environmental consciousness, concern for Thailand’s environment, reference groups and social media on perception of climate change. The study also examines the influence of such perception on adaptation practices toward climate change. Respondents belong to the Thai Generation Z cohort of people born between 1997 and 2012 and were selected by purposive sampling. Five hypotheses were posited in the study, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The findings showed significant influence of environmental consciousness, concern for Thailand’s environment and reference groups on perception of climate change. Social media influence, however, showed no such influence. The findings also showed the significant influence of perception on adaptation practices toward climate change. The findings of this study throw light on the characteristics of generation Z and will assist marketers and policymakers when framing legislation and practices to mitigate the harmful effects of climate change in the Thai context.

Keywords

Environmental consciousness, Environmental concern, Reference group influence, Perception of climate change, Adaptation practices, Social media, Generation Z, Thailand

References

  1. The sixth assessment report AR 6. Climate change : The physical science basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Avalable at : https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/.
  2. WHO. 2021. health and climate global survey report. World Health Organization, Geneva.
  3. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary. Definition of a generation.
  4. Pilcher, J. 1994. Mannheim’s sociology of generations: An undervalued legacy. British J. Sociol., 45(3): 481–495. 
  5. Dimock, M. 2019. Defining generations: Where millennials end and generation Z begins. Pew Research Centre.
  6. Eldridge, A. 2023. Generation Z. Encyclopedia Britannica.
  7. Tangkitvanich, S. 2022. Time to end Thailand’s generation war. Bangkok Post.
  8. Watkins, A. 2019. Environmental engagement and generation Z: Evaluating and modifying the YEEP framework against research and observations on generation Z youth and youth leaders. Master of Environment Studies Thesis. University of Waterloo, Canada.
  9. Petrescu-Mag, R.M., et al.2023. An intergenera-tional reading of climate change-health concern nexus: a qualitative study of the millennials’ and gen Z participants’ perceptions. BMC Public Health 23:Article 484.
  10. Kim, N. and K. Lee. 2023. Environmental consciousness, purchase intention and actual purchase behaviour of eco-friendly products: the moderating impact of situational context. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health. 20:5312. DOI: 10.3390/ ijerph20075 312.
  11. Niklas, F. and T. Gärling. 1999. Environmental concern: conceptual definitions, measurement methods and research findings. J. Env. Psychol., 19(4): 369-382.
  12. Kilbourne, W. and G. Pickett. 2008. How materialism affects environmental beliefs, concern and environmentally responsible behaviour. J. Business Res., 61: 885-893.
  13. Hofstede, G., G.J. Hofstede and M. Minkov. 1997. Cultures and organizations: software of the mind. intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
  14. Morris, M. 2020. Climate change, social media and generation Z. Master of Science Thesis. Graziadio Business School, Pepperdine University.
  15. Tan, S. 2022. Generational trends in Thailand’s social media use: how gen Z differs from other age groups. YouGov RealTime Omnibus.
  16. Whitmarsh, L. and S. Capstick. 2018. Perceptions of climate change. InPsychology and climate change: Human perceptions, impacts and responses. Ed S. Clayton and C. Manning. Academic Press. pp 13–33.
  17. Eakin, H., et al. 2014. Adaptation in a multi-stressor environment: perceptions and responses to climatic and economic risks by coffee growers in Mesoamerica. Env. Dev. Sustain.,16: 123–139.
  18. O’Neill, B., et al. 2022. Key risks across sectors and regions. In Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
  19. Nunnally, J. C. and I. C. Bernstein. 1994. Psychometric theory (3rd edn). McGraw-Hill, New York.
  20. Carle, J. 2015. Climate change seen as top global threat. Pew Research Center.
  21. Bethune, S. 2019. Gen Z more, likely to report mental health concerns. American Psychol. Assoc., 50(1): 20.
  22. Hickman, C., et al. 2021. Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey. The Lancet. 5 (12): 863-873.
  23. Tyson, A., B. Kennedy and C. Funk. 2021. Gen Z, millennials stand out for climate change activism, social media engagement with issue. Pew Research Centre.
  24. Arttachariya, P. 2012. Environmentalism and green purchasing behaviour: A study on graduate students in Bangkok, Thailand. BU Academic Review. 11: 1-11.
  25. Brandbuffet Report. 2019. 7 insights to understand Gen Z with strategies to penetrate new purchasing power groups that just being fast is not enough, this minute has to be ‘urgent’ only.
  26. Augustine, K. 2023. Gen Z more optimistic about reversing the impacts of climate change. Civic Science.