IJEP 44(11): 1040-1050 : Vol. 44 Issue. 11 (November 2024)
1. University of Kufa, Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, Najaf, Iraq
2. University of Kufa, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Najaf, Iraq
Abstract
This study investigates the contamination of surface water with heavy metals in the Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate by analyzing the chemical characteristics of the water. A total of 40 water samples were collected from various locations within the study area across four seasons (summer, winter, spring and autumn). The samples underwent laboratory analysis to measure concentrations of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, copper, iron and nickel. The results revealed both spatial and temporal variations in heavy metal concentrations, with certain areas exceeding permissible limits, rendering them unsuitable for human use.
Keywords
Surface water contamination, Pathogenic fungi, Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, Water quality, Environmental management
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