An Investigation into the Irrigation Capability of Treated Wastewater by Monitoring the Growth of Cicer arietinum (Chickpea)

IJEP 45(12): 1102-1116 : Vol. 45 Issue. 12 (December 2025)

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Sowmya Venugopal and Asha Anand*

Christ University, Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore – 560 029, Karnataka, India

Abstract

This study compared the effects of treated wastewater and Hoagland nutrient media on chickpea growth. Results showed that Hoagland media created a more favourable environment, with higher protein levels and carbohydrate content. Antioxidant enzyme activity varied, with SOD activity increasing in both samples. Heavy metal analysis revealed higher lead concentrations in treated wastewater. The findings have implications for sustainable irrigation practices and environmental protection. Treated wastewater can be a viable irrigation option, but careful management is necessary to prevent adverse effects on plant growth and human health. Cautious use of treated wastewater in agriculture is essential for safe and sustainable crop production.

Keywords

Treated wastewater, Chickpea, Biochemical analysis, Enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays, Atomic absorption spectroscopy

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