Influence of Steel slag on the workability, mechanical strength and microstructural properties of concrete: A comprehensive Review

IJEP 45(12): 1117-1132 : Vol. 45 Issue. 12 (December 2025)

Full Text

Ashwathi Rajendran* and Mohanraj Asokan

Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Erode – 638 401, Tamil nadu, India

Abstract

A country’s infrastructure reflects its level of development, which in turn drives the demand for building construction, including industrialization and urbanization. Industrialization, a significant factor contributing to increased waste generation, releases byproducts from various sectors. The accumulation of these byproducts harms sustainability when they are underutilized. To incorporate industrial by-products into concrete, many researchers have studied their performance in high-performance concrete, including self-compacting concrete. This review examines the influence of steel slag, a promising byproduct that helps preserve structural integrity. This viable supplement offers a way to use steel slag in concrete, supporting resource efficiency, sustainable production and environmental protection. Alongwith workability and mechanical properties, the review also covers microstructural analysis of steel slag used in different proportions with cement and aggregates. The findings highlight the potential of using steel slag to enhance concrete performance.

Keywords

Steel slag, high-performance concrete, sustainability, workability, mechanical properties, microstructural behaviour

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