Viability Analysis of Building Integrated Photovoltaic System for Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings

IJEP 45(12): 1133-1141 : Vol. 45 Issue. 12 (December 2025)

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Naveen Suresh Chomal1, Safeer Ahmad1, Anuska Mahalik2, Maneeshana Banta3 and Mohammad Arif Kamal4*

1. Amity University, Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Jaipur – 303 002, Rajasthan, India
2. Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru – 560 064, Karnataka, India
3. National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune – 411 045, Maharashtra, India
4. Aligarh Muslim University, Architecture Section, Aligarh – 202 002, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The power surplus state of Himachal Pradesh is endowed with abundant renewable energy sources. It harnesses approximately 10,000 MW of hydropower, of which only 1,400 MW are consumed. This surplus has allowed the state to provide subsidized electricity rates. However, with the onset of global warming and the ongoing melting of glaciers, hydropower generation is at risk. Considering the situation above, it is essential to have multiple energy sources rather than rely on just one to meet the overall energy needs. Contrary to popular belief, the state has significant solar potential, receiving 250-300 sunny days per year and an average global horizontal insolation (GHI) of 5.13 kWh/m²/day. These figures are highly useful for electricity generation and can be harnessed using building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPVs). A comprehensive study of such systems will help explore various ways to apply them in the cold, hilly region of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. In this study, applicability is analyzed through a case example of a medium-load residence. The PV design methodology considers the most appropriate technological solutions, construction considerations and market availability. Cost and maintenance factors will further aid in understanding how BIPVs can serve as self-sustaining systems during energy shortages.

Keywords

Building integrated photovoltaic, Off-grid PV system, PV system design, Solar energy, Shimla, India

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