IJEP 45(2): 144-122 : Vol. 45 Issue. 2 (February 2025)
1. Petroleum Training Institute, Department of Environmental Science and Management Technology, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria
2. University of Benin, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in dumpsites is one of the major adverse impacts of improper waste disposal systems, particularly in developing countries of the world, including Nigeria. This study was conducted to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination around the Osubi dumpsite in Delta state, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from 15 sampling points spread out around the dumpsite, with the control sample taken from its center. The quantification of selected heavy metals (Al, Si, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn and Sb) was done using x-ray fluorescence. Analyses of data and presentations were done using Microsoft Excel. The results show that mean concentrations of metals in the study area were as follows: Al – 2.193±0.357 mg/kg; Si – 7.473±1.428 mg/kg; Fe – 4.938±1.038 mg/kg; Ni – 0.160±0.014 mg/kg; Cu – 0.375±0.047 mg/kg; Zn – 0.246±0.007 mg/kg; Mo – 0.190±0.012 mg/kg; Sn – 5.962±0.326 mg/kg and Sb – 5.429±0.323 mg/kg. All metal concentrations were within the permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization for soil quality. The results of the enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, pollution load index, ecological risk factor and potential ecological risk index show that there is low contamination and pollution in the area, while ecological risk due to heavy metals is low. The only metal of concern was Sb from the geoaccumulation index. Measures recommended to control heavy metal concentrations in the dumpsite include waste segregation, practicing the three Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) and routine monitoring of the dumpsite and its environs.
Keywords
Heavy metal, Ecological risk, Dumpsite, Geoaccumu-lation, Pollution indices
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