Vehicular Air Pollution and Health Risk for roadside workers in Pachora city, Maharashtra

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IJEP 45(4): 339-346 : Vol. 45 Issue. 4 (April 2025)

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Mayuri Patil1, Pradnya Kedar1, Riya Jain2 and Sopan Ingle1*

1. Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Jalgaon – 425 001, Maharashtra, India
2. Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, School of Mathematical Science, Jalgaon 425 001, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Urban sprawl, commercial activities, vehicular pollution and traffic congestion are the major reasons leading to air pollution. The consequences of air pollution by vehicular exhausts are responsible for spirometric impairments. The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the lung function test, restrictive and airway obstructive defects and respiratory and other health symptoms between roadside workers and healthy individuals. Spirometry parameters were assessed to evaluate the respiratory impairments of both groups. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) respirator medical evaluation questionnaire and automated Medispiror spirometer were used to assess the heath-related symptoms and lung function parameters. The statistical analysis was performed with MINITAB version 17. Two sampled t-tests were used to compare the significant differences at p< 0.05 in pulmonary parameters. Binary logistic regression was used for modelling the chance of being exposed to air pollution using the factors of age and pulmonary parameters. It was seen that the control unexposed group, contrary to the exposed group, had higher mean percentage observed values for forced vital capacity (FVC) (82.53% vs 71.85%), forced expiratory volume  in 1 sec (FEV1) (98.15% vs 85.61%), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (82.21% vs 71.75%), forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) (122.6% vs 121.06%). Most of the exposed group respondents reported respiratory symptoms, like frequent coughing (49%), shortness of breath (30%), wheezing (36%) and chest pain (42%). This study reveals that vehicular pollution is one of the reasons for respiratory impairment.

Keywords

Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume, Peak expiratory flow rate, forced expiratory flow, Health risks

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