IJEP 45(8): 766-772 : Vol. 45 Issue. 8 (August 2025)
1. Jadavpur University, School of Advanced Studies in Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
2. Jadavpur University, School of Water Resources Engineering, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the current situation of faecal sludge and seepage management (FSSM) through integrated faecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various states across India to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) with environmentally friendly pollution control of water resources. It highlights the total cost savings achieved through the implementation of FSSM throughout urban areas in India. Meanwhile, India has embarked on unprecedented sanitation initiatives since 2014. Only 40% of cities and urban areas are connected to the sewerage network, while on-site sanitation systems (OSS) still play a crucial role, serving approximately 60% of urban residents. A comprehensive and integrated FSSM could be a cost-effective solution for proper management, ensuring safe sanitation for all citizens of India, including small and medium-sized cities lacking faecal sludge treatment (FST) and sewerage infrastructure. Human excreta can be managed through FSSM at a cost of about INR 250 per person per year, compared to INR 11,000 per person per year for more extensive sewerage treatment. Therefore, FSSM presents an ideal alternative for the safe management of human excreta and septage at a significantly lower cost.
Keywords
Faecal sludge treatment plant, Sustainable development goal, Eco-friendly pollution control, On-site sanitation systems
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