Geoelectrical Sounding for Aquifer Characterization in and around Nandgao, Majan, Singrauli District, Madhya Pradesh, India

IJEP 42(11): 1283-1291 : Vol. 42 Issue. 11 (November 2022)

Dharmendra Kumar Singh1, Nawal Kishore1*, Birendra Pratap2 and Vijayendra Pratap Dheeraj1

1. Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Department of Mining Engineering, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh – 221 005, India
2. Banaras Hindu University, Department of Geophysics, Institute of Science, Varanasi – 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Ten geo-electrical soundings using Schlumberger electrode configuration were used to evaluate aquifer geo-electric characteristics in the parts of Nandgao, Majan, district Singrauli, M.P., India. SSR MP-1, a digital resistivity meter, was used for ten vertical electric sounding (VES) sounding with a minimum of 10 m to a maximum of 200 m current electrode (AB) spacing and locating the exact position of VES stations global positioning system (GPS) was used. The IPI2win and win resist software was used for data interpretation, which revealed 3 to 4 subsurface layers comprising the top alluvial soil, sub-soil to fine-grained sandstone, fine-grained sandstone to fractured or weathered sandstone and basement rocks. The resistivity of these strata ranged from 9.55-59.51 Wm, whereas the depth ranged between 0.42-63.91 m. Transverse resistance and longitudinal conductance calculated from the aquifer resistivity and thickness varied from 102.14-4357.44 Wm2 and 0.08-1.02 Siemens, respectively. Also, aquifer resistivity and porosity ranged from 26.95-93.68 Wm and 53-92%, respectively. The low value of transmissivity at VES location no. 2, 3, 5, 8 correspond to low borehole yields and high at VES location no. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10 correspond to high borehole yields. The value of overburden protection capacity is low at VES location no. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and moderate at VES location 6, which means aquifers contaminants are more vulnerable in these areas. In contrast, at VES location 4, the aquifer protection capacity is high, indicating that the aquifer in these regions is well protected. However, a more significant portion of the study area has a lower value of protective capacities which reveals a more substantial part of the study area is susceptible to contaminants. In general, all of the places may be used to extract groundwater at moderate depths.

Keywords

Groundwater, Aquifer, Vertical electric sounding, Schlumberger, Ipi2win software

References

  1. Nejad, H. T. 2009. Geo-electric investigation of the aquifer characteristics and groundwater potential in Behbahan Azad University farm, Khuzestan Province. Iranian J. Appl. Sci., 9(20): 3691-3698.
  2. Kelly, W.E. and M. Stanislav. 1993. Applied geophysics in hydrogeological and engineering practice. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  3. Omosuyi, G. and A. Adeyemo. 2007. Investigation of groundwater prospect using electromagnetic and geo-electric sounding at Afunbiowo, near Akure, southwestern Nigeria. Pacific J. Sci. Tech., 8:172-182.
  4. Oseji, J.O., E.A. Atakpo and E.C. Okolie. 2005. Geo-electric investigation of the aquifer characteristics and groundwater potential in Kwale, Delta State, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Env. Manage., 9(1): 157-160.
  5. El-Qady, G. 2006. Exploration of a geothermal reservoir using geo-electrical resistivity inversion: Case study at Hammam Mousa, Sinai, Egypt. J. Geophysics Eng., 3:114-121
  6. Yadav, G. 1995. Relating hydraulic and geo-electric parameters of the Jayant aquifer, India. J. Hydrol., 167: 23-38.
  7. Mbonu, P.D.C., et al. 1991. Parts of geo-electric sounding for the determination of aquifer characteristics in the Umuahia area of Nigeria. Geophysics. 56: 284-291.
  8. Griffiths, D.H. and R.D. Barker. 1993. Two-dimensional resistivity imaging and modelling in areas of complex geology. J. Appl. Geophysics. 29:211-226.
  9. Sikander, P., et al. 2010. The use of vertical electric sounding resistivity method for the location of low salinity groundwater for irrigation in Chaj and Rana doabs. Env. Earth Sci., 60: 1113-1129.
  10. Yadav, G.S. 1993. Geo-electrical soundings for aquifer characterization around Jayant colony, Singrauli coalfields, Sidhi district, M.P. J. Geophysics. 14:123-132.
  11. Yadav, G.S. 1997. Impact of surface mining on groundwater table in the western part of Singrauli coalfield, India – A study with resistivity measurements. J. Sci. Res., 47:49-71.
  12. Kearey, P. and M. Brooks. 1988. An introduction to geophysical exploration. ELBS, Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.
  13. Niwas, S. and D.C. Singhal. 1981. Estimation of aquifer transmissivity from Dar Zarrouk parameters in porous media. Hydrol., 50:393-399.
  14. Kelly, W.E. 1977. Geo-electrical sounding for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity. Ground Water. 15:420–424.
  15. Niwas, S., et al. 2011. Aquifer hydraulic conductivity estimation from surface geo-electrical mea- surements for Krauthausen test site, Germany. Hydrogeol. J., 19(2): 307-315.
  16. Ehirim, C. N. and C.N. Nwankwo. 2010. Evaluation of aquifer characteristics and groundwater quality using geo-electric method in Choba, Port Harcourt. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(2):396-403.
  17. Braga, et al. 2006. Resistivity (dc) method applied to aquifer protection studies. Revista Brasileira Geofýsica. 24(4):573–581.
  18. Sonkar, A.K. and A. Jamal. 2019. Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater around Singrauli coalfield areas, Singrauli district of Madhya Pradesh (India). Rasayan J. Chem., 12 (2):608-615.