Investigating Workability and Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Binary and Ternary Blends of Red Mud and Silica Fume with M-Sand

IJEP 43(11): 998-1007 : Vol. 43 Issue. 11 (November 2023)

B. Saravanan and R. Divahar*

Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Paiyanoor, Chennai – 603 104, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Concrete technology frequently employs cement alternatives. Even though there is numerous research that have examined the properties of concrete with addition of mineral admixtures. In order to determine the best way to use these materials, such as red mud (RM) and silica fume (SF) with manufactured sand (M-sand) at the ages of 7, 14 and 28 days; this study contrasts the binary and ternary cementitious systems of workability and mechanical characteristics (compressive, flexural and split tensile strength). Twelve different mix proportions were produced in the form of a binary and ternary blended cementitious system, with red mud and silica fume changed from 0-20% with an increment of 5%. The designated test result will be added for admixtures minerals, which will generally affect the properties of mechanical and workability of all tested specimens. Red mud is less effective than silica fume, though. In addition, compared to the alternative experiments, the combined use of red mud and silica fume concrete mix marginally increases the mechanical qualities. It is concluded that the usage of supplementary cementitious materials with mineral admixtures increases strength enhancements upto 10% replacement of red mud and silica fume.

Keywords

Workability, Flexural, Split tensile, Compressive, Red mud, Silica fume, Binary and ternary blended cementitious system

References

  1. Parvati, V.K. and K.B. Prakash. 2013. Feasibility of fyash as a replacement of fne aggregate in concrete and its behaviour under sustained elevated temperature. Int. J. Sci. Eng., 4(5):87–90.
  2. Malagavelli, V., S. Angadi and J.S.R. Prasad. 2018. Influence of metakaolin in concrete as partial replacement of cement. Int. J. Civil Eng. Tech., 9 (7): 105–111.
  3. Kothai, P.S. and R. Malathy. 2015. Effective utilization of wastes from steel industries in concrete. Nat. Env. Poll. Tech., 14(2): 419-422.
  4. Ushaa, T.G., R. Anuradha and G.S. Venkatasu-bramani. 2015. Reduction of greenhouse gases emission in self-compacting geopolymer concrete using sustainable construction materials. Nat. Env. Poll. Tech., 14(2): 451-454.
  5. Verma, K. and P.S. Pajgade. 2015. Effect of partial replacement of natural sand with crushed sand alongwith supplementary cementing materials (fly ash and GGBS). Int. J. Res. Eng. Tech., 4(1):288–292.
  6. Mane, K.M., D.K. Kulkarni and K.B. Prakash. 2019. Properties and microstructure of concrete using pozzolanic materials and manufactured sand as partial replacement of fine aggregate. SN Appl. Sci.,1:1025. 
  7. Nataraja, M.C., A.S. Manu and G. Girih. 2014. Utilization of different types of manufactured sand as fne aggregate in cement mortar. Indian Concr. J., 88(1):19–25.
  8. Dubey, S., R. Chandak and R.K. Yadav. 2015. Experimental study of concrete with metakaolin as partial replacement of OPC. Int. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Sci., 2 (6): 38-40.
  9. Azad, N.M., S.M. Samindi and M.K. Samarakoon. 2021. Utilization of industrial byproduct/waste to manufacture geopolymer cement/concrete. Sustain., 13: 873.
  10. Tanu, H.M. and U. Sujatha. 2022. Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste materials for the development of geopolymer concrete- A review. Mater. Todays Proc., 65(2):1290-1297. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.192.
  11. Anantha, L.K., I.S.A. Reddy and A.V.S. Sai Kumar. 2016. Strength characteristics of concrete with partial replacement of cement with flyash and metakaolin. Int. J. Innov. Res. Tech., 1(7): 18–22.
  12. Nenadovic, S., et al. 2017. Physico-chemical, mineralogical and radiological properties of red mud samples as secondary raw materials. Nucl. Tech. Radiat. Prot., 32(3): 261–266.
  13. Venkatesh, C., R. Nerella and M.S. Rama Chand. 2019. Experimental investigation of strength, durability and microstructure of red-mud concrete. J. Korean Ceramic Soc., DOI: 10.1007/s43207-019-00014-y.
  14. Shetty, K.K., G. Nayak and V. Vijayan. 2014. Efect of red mud and iron ore tailings on the strength of self compacting concrete. Europian Sci. J., 10(21): 168-176.
  15. Ribeiro, D.V., J.A. Labrincha and M.R. Morelli. 2012. Efect of red mud addition on the corrosion parameters of reinforced concrete evaluated by electrochemical methods. Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater., 5(4) : 451–467.
  16. Senf, L., D. Hotza and J.A. Labrincha. 2011. Efect of red mud addition on the rheological behaviour and on hardened state characteristics of cement mortars. Constr. Build. Mater., 25(1):163–170.
  17. Menhosh, A.A., et al. 2018. Long term durability properties of concrete modified with metakaolin and polymer admixture. Const. Building Mater., 172:41-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.215.
  18. Mazloom, M., A.A. Ramezanianpour and J.J. Brooks. 2004. Effect of silica fume on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. Cement Concrete Composites. 26(4):347–357.
  19. Bentur, A., A. Goldman and M.D. Cohen. 1987. Contribution of transition zone to the strength of high-quality silica fume concretes. materials research Society Symposium. Proceedings, vol. 114, pp 97–103.
  20. Wong, H.S. and H.A. Razak. 2005. Efficiency of calcined kaolin and silica fume as cement replacement material for strength performance. Cement Concrete Res., 35(4): 696–702.
  21. Sobolev K. 2004. The development of a new method for the proportioning of high-performance concrete mixtures. Cement Concrete Composites. 26(7): 901–907.
  22. Behnood, A. and H. Ziari. 2008. Effects of silica fume addition and water to cement ratio on the properties of high-strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures. Cement Concrete Composites. 30(2):106–112.
  23. Wild, S., B.B. Sabir and J.M. Khatib. 1995. Factors influencing strength development of concrete containing silica fume. Cement Concrete Res., 25(7): 1567–1580.
  24. Babu, K.G. and D.S. Babu. 2003. Behaviour of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete containing silica fume. Cement Concrete Res., 33(5):755–762.
  25. Almusallam, A.A., et al. 2004. Effect of silica fume on the mechanical properties of low quality coarse aggregate concrete. Cement Concrete Composites. 26(7): 891–900.
  26. Koksal, F., et al. 2008. Combined effect of silica fume and steel fibre on the mechanical properties of high strength concretes. Constr. Build. Mater., 22(8):1874–1880.
  27. Bentur, A. and A. Goldman. 1989. Curing effects, strength and physical properties of high strength silica fume concretes. J. Mater. Civil Eng.,1(1):46–58.
  28. Bhanja, S. and B. Sengupta. 2005. Influence of silica fume on the tensile strength of concrete. Cement Concrete Res., 35(4):743-747.
  29. Hooton, R.D. 1993. Influence of silica fume replacement of cement on physical properties and resistance to sulphate attack freezing and thawing and alkali–silica reactivity. ACI Mater. J., 90(2):143–152.
  30. Tanyildizi, H. and A. Coskun. 2008. Performance of lightweight concrete with silica fume after high temperature. Constr. Build. Mater., 22(10): 2124–2129.
  31. Philip, N. and D. Neeraja. 2015. Mechanical properties of high-performance concrete with admixtures and steel fibre. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 12 (8): 2439-2444.
  32. Sood, V., A. Kumar and S. K. Agarwal. 2014. Comparative hydration behaviour of metakaolin-microfine system. J. Eng. Comp. Appl. Sci., 3 (4): 60-65.
  33. Shen, W., et al. 2016. Characterization of manufactured sand: Particle shape, surface texture and behaviour in concrete. Constr. Build. Mater., 114: 595–601.
  34. Shen, W., et al. 2017. Mixing design and microstructure of ultra high strength concrete with manufactured sand. Constr. Build. Mater., 143: 312–321.
  35. Shen, W., et al. 2018. Influence of manufactured sand’s characteristics on its concrete performance. Constr. Build. Mater., 172:574–583.
  36. Needhidasan, S., B. Ramesh and S.J.R. Prabu. 2019. Experimental study on use of E-waste plastics as coarse aggregate in concrete with manufactured sand. Mater. Today Proc., 22:715-721.
  37. Li, H., et al. 2016. Effect of granite dust on mechanical and some durability properties of manufactured sand concrete. Constr. Build. Mater., 109: 41–46.
  38. Rao, S.K., P. Sravana and T.C. Rao. 2016. Investigating the effect of M-sand on abrasion resistance of roller compacted concrete containing GGBS. Constr. Build. Mater., 122:191–201.
  39. Karthik, S., P.R.M. Rao and P. Awoyera. 2017. Strength properties of bamboo and steel reinforced concrete containing manufactured sand and mineral admixtures. J. King Saud Univ. Eng. Sci., 29 (4): 400–406.
  40. IS 12269. 1987. Ordinary Portland cement, 53 grade- Specification. Bureau of Indian Standards.
  41. IS 383. 1970. Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards.
  42. IS 10262. 2009. Concrete mix proportioning- Guidelines. Bureau of Indian Standards.
  43. IS 456. 2000. Plain and reinforced concrete- Code of practice. Bureau of Indian Standards.
  44. IS 516. 1959. Method of tests for strength of concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards.
  45. Metilda, D.L., et al. 2015. Investigations on optimum possibility of replacing cement partially by redmud in concrete. Sci. Res. Essays. 10(4): 137-143. DOI: 10.5897/SRE2015.6166.
  46. Zia, P., S. Ahmad and M. Leming. 2016. High-performance concretes- A state-of-art report (1989-1994). Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology.
  47. Cassagnabere, F., et al. 2010. Metakaolin, a solution for the precast industry to limit the clinker content in concrete: Mechanical aspects. Constr. Build. Mater., 24(7):1109-1118.
  48. Kelechi, S.E., et al. 2022. CO2emission and cost analysis of green self-compacting rubberized concrete. Sustain., 14:137.
  49. Kothai, P. S. and R. Malathy. 2015. Effective utilization of wastes from steel industries in concrete. Nat. Env. Poll. Tech., 14(2): 419-422.
  50. Kumar, B.N. 2017. Development of high strength self-compacting concrete using quartz sand as an alternative of natural river sand. Indian Concrete J., 91(4):43–50.