Assessment of Health Risk Heavy Metals in Shatt Al-Arab Fishs: Nemipterus sp., Diagramma pictum and Siganus canaliculatus in Basrah Governorate – Iraq

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IJEP 44(4): 379-384 : Vol. 44 Issue. 4 (April 2024)

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Abdulhameed M. Abdulhameed, Suaad A. Lafta and Mustafa F. Hameed*

Ministry of Education, Basrah Education Directorate, Basrah, Iraq

Abstract

Fish is considered one of the main meals of Iraqi individual and as a result of environmental pollution in Shatt Al-Arab due to industrial and oil wastes. It poisoned the aquatic environment, including fishes. The concentration of heavy metals was estimated in the tissues of three species of fish found in the Iraqi market, namely (Nemipterus sp., Diagramma pictum and Siganus canaliculatus). Chemical digestion was performed using a microwave oven using citrus fruits, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was used to find out the concentrations of all heavy metals. Health risks were calculated using statistical indicators developed by USEPA and WHO. The results showed that all fishes studied were toxic to most heavy metals and their concentrations were higher than the food safety index (FSG). The values of target hazard quotient (THQ) were calculated and it was found that all three fishes were dangerous and toxic to human health as a result of arsenic, mercury and lead contamination with values greater than 1. Hazard index (HI) values greater than 1 for all fishes, cancer risk (CR) values for arsenic were minimally carcinogenic, indicating that these fishes are unhealthy and carcinogenic due to arsenic.

Keywords

Health risk, Basrah, heavy metals, Nemipterus sp., Diagramma pictum, Siganus canaliculatus

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