IJEP 41(4): 466-470 : Vol. 41 Issue. 4 (April 2021)
1. Uttarakhand Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering, Dehradun, India
2. Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun – 248 002, India
3. Roorkee College of Engineering, Roorkee, India
4. Hi-Tech Institute of Technology, Waluj, Aurangabad, India
Abstract
An industrial area has been developed in Bhagwanpur near Roorkee in Haridwar district of Uttrakhand. Due to growing industrial activities and urbanization the impact on natural resources especially on groundwater and soil has increased substantially. Consequently, the groundwater samples were collected from five identified locations in the vicinity of Bhagwanpur industrial area to monitor the groundwater. These water samples were analyzed for 19 drinking water quality parameters, such as colour, odour, temperature, pH, total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, TDS, nitrate, sulphate, fluoride and heavy metals, etc., using the BIS protocol. The values of most of the parameters chosen for the site samples for the Bhagwanpur area were found to be less than the permissible BIS limits during observation except for fluoride, copper, iron and arsenic at few sites. Despite the location of the sites within the industrial zone and increasing sub-urbanization, observance of the parameters within permissible limits indicate the potential role of natural attenuation of groundwater contamination in this case. Though, some natural attenuation can be provided by geochemical mechanisms that remove heavy metal contaminants from the aqueous phase, that is sedimentation and adsorption. Some concepts have been established to take advantage of the monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a management option for the contaminated land and groundwater. Therefore, systematic monitoring of the groundwater comprehensive studies will clarify the possible mechanism of play.
Keywords
Natural attenuation, heavy metal, groundwater, contaminants, alluvium, biodegradation
References
- Wiedemeier, T.H., et al. 1999. Natural attenuation of fuels and chlorinated solvents in the subsurface. John Wiley and Sons, New york, USA.
- ASTM. 1998. Remediation by natural attenuation (RNA) at petroleum release sites. ASTM E1943-98. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
- Kedziorek, M.A.M., et al. 2013. Natural attenuation of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) in a water table aquifer underlying an industrial site. Procedia Earth Planetary Sci., 7:89-92.
- Carey, M.A., et al. 2000. Guidance on the assessment and monitoring of natural attenuation of contaminants in groundwater. Environment Agency R and D, Dissemination Centre, Swindon, UK.
- Wilson, J.T. 2011. An approach for evaluating the progress of natural attenuation in groundwater (EPA 600/R-11/204). United States Environmental Protection Agency.
- Stone, L. 2016. Final report on monitored natural attenuation, evaluation and implementation in the Lahontan region. California Regional Water Quality Control Board.
- Ouvrard, S., et al. 2013. Long-term assessment of natural attenuation : Statistical approach on soils with aged PAH contamination. Biodegrad., 24:539-548.
- Embaby, A.A., M. Sadek and R. A. Rayan. 2017. Natural alternuation capacity indicators for groundwater remediation to the northeastern Cairo. J. Geosci. Env. Prot., 5(4):152-168.
- Sailo, L. and C. Mahanta. 2013. Hydrogeocheical factors affecting the mobilization of As into the groundwater of the Brahmaputra allurival plains of Assam Northeast India. Env. Sci., Process Impacts. 15(9):1775-1782.
- Bhandari, N.S. and H.K. Joshi. 2013. Quality of spring water used for irrigation in the Almora district of Uttarakhand, India. Chinese J. Geochem., 32:130-136.
- Eaton, A.D., et al. 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (21st edn). American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
- Gupta, V.K., et al. 2012. Toxic metal ions in water and their prevalence in Uttarakhand, India. Water Sci. Tech. Water Supply. 12(6):773-782.
- Sharma, B. and S. Tyagi. 2013. Simplification of metal ion analysis in freshwater samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy for laboratory students. J. Lab. Chem. Edu., 1(3):54-58.
- Rawat, A.S. and R. Sah. 2009. Traditional knowledge of water management in Kumaon Himalaya. Indian J. Traditional Knowledge. 8(2):249-254.
- Sharma, B., et al. 2016. Assessment of groundwater quality of Bhagwanpur industrial area of Haridwar in Uttarakhand, India. Appl. Ecol. Env. Sci., 4(4):96-101.
- IS 10500. 2012. Indian standard – Drinking water specification (2nd edn). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
