IJEP 42(4): 408-414 : Vol. 42 Issue. 4 (April 2022)
1. Core Facility Centre Arktika, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Arkhangelsk, Russia
2. Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Arkhangelsk, Russia
Abstract
The study of snow for the content of various contaminants is one of the methods for monitoring the state of the atmosphere. In urban agglomerations, the study of the content of trace elements is relevant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pollution and distribution of trace elements in a large city in Northern Europe – Arkhangelsk. The snow samples were collected in March 2015, 2019 and 2020. The snow samples were collected at 14 crossroads with maximum transport load. The concentration of trace elements was assessed in melt snow water using total external reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis. The obtained values of the concentrations of trace elements were evaluated in comparison with the standard values established as the maximum permissible in the Russian Federation and the EU and the calculation and comparison of the total pollution indices and pollution indices according to Nemerow were carried out. The results indicate that in 2015, an excess of the MPC level was recorded for such elements as iron (exceeding from 1.9-92.0 MPC levels), zinc (exceeding from 1.6-36.0 MPC levels) and manganese (exceeding from 1.1-1.2 MPC levels). The situation improved in 2019 and 2020, but the zinc content was still well above the maximum permissible content. We also calculated the total pollution indices. We found that in 2015 all the crossroads of the city of Arkhangelsk belong to the heavily polluted V class in terms of trace elements content. In 2020, these indices have dropped significantly. Statistically comparing the data obtained, it was found that the studied trace metal has a single source.
Keywords
Trace elements, Snow, Pollution, Total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry
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