IJEP 44(14): 1260-1267 : Vol. 44 Issue. 14 (Conference 2024)
Abararahemad A. Khalak and Jayesh Juremalani*
Parul University, Department of Civil Engineering, Vadodara – 391 760, Gujarat, India
Abstract
This research paper investigates the innovative utilization of coir fiber and micro-shredded waste plastic for the stabilization of black cotton soil within the subgrade layer of road construction, examining both their individual contributions and potential synergistic effects. A comprehensive array of tests was conducted, encompassing assessments, such as liquid limit, plastic limit, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), proctor test, free swell index, mechanical analysis, moisture content, specific gravity, direct shear test, consolidation test, tri-axial test and swelling pressure test. These tests were performed on various soil samples: virgin soil, virgin soil mixed with 0.6% and 4% coir fiber, micro-shredded waste plastic powder and soil modified with a combination of 0.6% and 8% coir fiber alongside micro-shredded waste plastic powder. The study not only assesses the mechanical and geotechnical properties of the modified soils but also delves into the potential influence of nanotechnology on enhancing their performance. Through meticulous experimentation and analysis, the research aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and viability of employing these novel stabilization techniques in road construction, with a particular focus on the implications for infrastructure resilience and sustainability.
Keywords
Nano-fortification, Coir filament, Micro-cut recycled plastic, Black cotton soil, Soil engineering characteristics
References
- Karmakar, S. and M. Kundu. 2021. Soil stabilization using waste plastic for road construction: A review. J. Building Eng., 41: 102426. DOI: 10.101 6/j.jobe.2021.102426.
- Sabarish, R. and M.C. Santhosh Kumar. 2018. Evaluation of waste plastic bottles as reinforcement material in black cotton soil for road subgrade. Int. J. Civil Eng. Tech., 9(4): 45-51.
- Ogunro, O., O. Abiola and P. Awoyera. 2020. Effect of waste plastic bottles on the geotechnical properties of lateritic soil. Int. J. Geosynthetics Ground Eng., 6(2): 19. DOI: 10.1007/s40891-020-00212-1.
- Goyal, D., R. Gupta and M. Pathak. 2018. Geotech-nical characteristics of plastic waste stabilized soil. J. Institution Engineers (India) Series A. 99(3): 465-472. DOI: 10.1007/s40030-018-0304-3.
- Khalak, A.A. 2023. Traffic and road engineering. Jec Publication.
- Khalak, A.A., H.J. Parghi and P.V. Varsat. 2022. Critical appraisal on use of coir reinforcement for sub-grade of roads. Int. J. Creative Res. Thoughts. 10(11): e893-e896.
- IS 2720-7. 1980. Methods of test for soils. Part 7: Determination of water content-dry density relation using light compaction. Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
- IRC-037. 2012. Tentative guidelines for the design of flexible pavements. Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi.
- ASTM D2487-17. 2020. Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil classification system). ASTM International.
- ASTM D4318. 2018. Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of soils. ASTM International.
- ASTM D422-63. 2007. Standard test method for particle- Size analysis of soils. ASTM International.
- IS 2720-40. 1977. Methods of test for soils. Part 40: Determination of free swell index of soils. Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
- ASTM D1883-21. 2021. Standard test method for California bearing ratio (CBR) of laboratory-compacted soils. ASTM International.
- IS 2720-13. 1986. Methods of test for soils. Part 13: Direct shear test. Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
- ASTM D3080-04. Standard test method for direct shear test of soils under consolidated drained conditions. ASTM International.
- IS 2720-11. 1993. Methods of test for soils. Part 11: Determination of the shear strength parameters of a specimen tested in unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression without the measurement of pore water pressure. ASTM International.
- Sivakumar, A. and K. Krishnan. 2019. Improvement of soil properties by adding shredded plastic waste. J. Mater. Civil Eng., 31(4): 04019106. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002639.
- Das, S., S. Mukherjee and D. Basu. 2019. Soil stabilization using shredded waste plastic in black cotton soil. Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 13(2): 131-137. DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2017.1322887.
- Banerjee, S. and S. Pal. 2018. Polypropylene waste for soil stabilization in road construction. Int. J. Eng. Res. Applications. 8(1): 38-44. DOI: 10.9790/9622-0801033844.
- Sahana, M.B., R. Venkatachalapathy and H.B. Nagaraj. 2018. Performance evaluation of soil stabilized with waste plastic for road construction. J. Mater. Civil Eng., 30(3): 04018007. DOI: 10.1061 /(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002156.
- Singh, K., A. Singh and H. Vardhan. 2017. Use of waste plastic in soil stabilization and road construction. Int. J. Innovative Res. Sci. Eng. Tech., 6(11): 18194-18201.
- Adeyemo, J.A. and A.D. Adeyemi. 2017. Experimental study on the effect of waste plastic bags on the mechanical properties of lateritic soil. Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 11(5): 510-517. DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2016.1208553.
- Sharma, N. and B. Pandey. 2017. Stabilization of black cotton soil using plastic waste. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Tech., 6(1): 301-305.
- Wagh, A. and R. Pawar. 2016. A study on soil stabilization using plastic waste. Int. J. Eng. Res. General Sci., 4(3): 566-572.
- Ahmed, M.J., et al. 2021. A comprehensive review on the use of waste plastic for soil stabilization in road construction. J. Clean. Prod., 285: 125354. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125354.
- Adesina, A.O., M.O. Adeoye and K.C. Onyelowe. 2020. Geotechnical characteristics of plastic waste stabilized lateritic soil. J. Building Eng., 31: 101292. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101292.
- Banyal, R. and V. Sharma. 2019. Use of waste plastic bags as reinforcement material for soil stabilization in road construction: A review. Int. J. Geosynthetics Ground Eng., 5(2): 21. DOI: 10.10 07/s40891-019-0165-1.
- Kumar, M. and N. Vasantha Kumar. 2019. Evaluation of the use of plastic waste as soil stabilizer in road construction. Int. J. Geosynthetics Ground Eng., 5(4): 31. DOI: 10.1007/s40891-019-0183-z.
- Alomayri, T. and G. Al-Sulaimani. 2019. Geotech-nical properties of recycled plastic waste stabilized soil. Int. J. Geosynthetics Ground Eng., 5(1): 12. DOI: 10.1007/s40891-019-0157-1.
- Singh, A., A.K. Singh and R.K. Jain. 2018. Review of use of plastic waste in road construction. Int. J. Eng. Tech., 7(3.21): 19-23.
- Varshney, A., P.K. Jain and D. Kumar. 2017. Plastic waste as effective stabilizing agent for expansive soil. Int. J. Civil Eng. Tech., 8(11): 1705-1711.
- Ambily, A.P., L. Mathew and A.M. Issac. 2017. Study on the use of waste plastic bottles as reinforcement material for soil stabilization. Int. J. Civil Eng. Tech., 8(12): 1-8.
- Ogundana, A. 2023. Waste plastic in road construction, pathway to a sustainable circular economy: A review. E3S Web Conf., 391. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202339101116.
- Ogundairo, T.O., et al. 2021. A review on plastic waste as a sustainable resource in civil engineering applications. IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1036(1): 012019. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/103 6/1/012019.
- Ogunbode, E.B. and I.I. Akinwumi. 2020. Plastic waste modification of bituminous concrete for road construction: A review. Case Studies Construction Mater., 12: e00319. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.20 20.e00319.
- Yaro, N.S.A., et al. 2023. A comprehensive overview of the utilization of recycled waste materials and technologies in asphalt pavements: Towards environmental and sustainable low-carbon roads. Processes. 11(7): 2095. DOI: 10.3390/pr1107 2095.
- Kibria, M.G., et al. 2023. Plastic waste: Challenges and opportunities to mitigate pollution and effective management. Int. J. Env. Res., 17: 20.
- El-Badawy, S.M., A.R. Gabr and R.T. Abd El-Hakim. 2019. Recycled materials and byproducts for pavement construction. In Handbook of eco-materials. Ed L. Martínez, O. Kharissova and B. Kharisov. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_168.
- Khalak, A.A. and J. Juremalani. 2023. Use of shredded waste plastic reinforcement for sub-grade layer of roads. In Resilience 360: International Conference on sustainability (1st vol). Selfypage Developers Pvt. Ltd. Publisher. pp 17-23.
- Khalak, A. A., J. Juremalani and N.A. Desai. 2021. A review study: Utilization of coir reinforcement for unpaved roads. IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1197(1): 012070. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899 X/1197/1/012070.
- ASTM D427-04. 2008. Test method for shrinkage factors of soils by the mercury method. ASTM International.